On 21 November 1995, in Dayton, Ohio, the former Yugoslavia's three warring parties signed a peace agreement that brought to a halt over three years of interethnic civil strife in Bosnia and Herzegovina (the final agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995). The Dayton Agreement, signed by Bosnian President IZETBEGOVIC, Croatian President TUDJMAN, and Serbian President MILOSEVIC, divides Bosnia and Herzegovina roughly equally between the Muslim/Croat Federation and the Bosnian Serbs while maintaining Bosnia's currently recognized borders. An international peacekeeping force (IFOR) of 60,000 troops began to enter Bosnia in late 1995 to implement and monitor the military aspects of the agreement and is scheduled to depart the country within one year. A High Representative appointed by the UN Security Council is responsible for civilian implementation of the accord, including monitoring implementation, facilitating any difficulties arising in connection with civilian implementation, and coordinating activities of the civilian organizations and agencies in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Bosnian conflict began in the spring of 1992 when the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina held a referendum on independence and the Bosnian Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to form a "greater Serbia." In March 1994, Bosnia's Muslims and Croats reduced the number of warring factions from three to two by signing an agreement in Washington creating their joint Muslim/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Transportation
Railways:
total:
1,021 km (electrified 795 km)
standard gauge:
1,021 km 1.435-m gauge (1991)
Highways:
total:
21,168 km
paved:
11,436 km
unpaved:
9,732 km (1991 est.)
Waterways:
NA km
Pipelines:
crude oil 174 km; natural gas 90 km (1992); note - pipelines now disrupted
Ports:
Bosanski Brod
Merchant marine:
none
Airports:
total:
24
with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m:
3
with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m:
3
with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m:
1
with paved runways under 914 m:
7
with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m:
1
with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m:
9 (1995 est.)
