On 21 November 1995, in Dayton, Ohio, the former Yugoslavia's three warring parties signed a peace agreement that brought to a halt over three years of interethnic civil strife in Bosnia and Herzegovina (the final agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995). The Dayton Agreement, signed by Bosnian President IZETBEGOVIC, Croatian President TUDJMAN, and Serbian President MILOSEVIC, divides Bosnia and Herzegovina roughly equally between the Muslim/Croat Federation and the Bosnian Serbs while maintaining Bosnia's currently recognized borders. An international peacekeeping force (IFOR) of 60,000 troops began to enter Bosnia in late 1995 to implement and monitor the military aspects of the agreement and is scheduled to depart the country within one year. A High Representative appointed by the UN Security Council is responsible for civilian implementation of the accord, including monitoring implementation, facilitating any difficulties arising in connection with civilian implementation, and coordinating activities of the civilian organizations and agencies in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Bosnian conflict began in the spring of 1992 when the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina held a referendum on independence and the Bosnian Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to form a "greater Serbia." In March 1994, Bosnia's Muslims and Croats reduced the number of warring factions from three to two by signing an agreement in Washington creating their joint Muslim/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
People
Population:
2,656,240 (July 1996 est.)
note:
all data dealing with population is subject to considerable error because of the dislocations caused by military action and ethnic cleansing
Age structure:
0-14 years:
20% (male 276,530; female 248,519)
15-64 years:
68% (male 892,807; female 915,686)
65 years and over:
12% (male 133,081; female 189,617) (July 1996 est.)
Population growth rate:
-2.84% (1996 est.)
Birth rate:
6.34 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate:
15.92 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate:
-18.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth:
1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.11 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.7 male(s)/female
all ages:
0.96 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
43.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
56.11 years
male:
51.16 years
female:
61.39 years (1996 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1 children born/woman (1996 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Bosnian(s), Herzegovinian(s)
adjective:
Bosnian, Herzegovinian
Ethnic divisions:
Serb 40%, Muslim 38%, Croat 22% (est.)
Religions:
Muslim 40%, Orthodox 31%, Catholic 15%, Protestant 4%, other 10%
Languages:
Serbo-Croatian 99%
Literacy:
NA
